表将来will be going to be about to be to用法区别详解及练习
英语中可以常用来表示将来的用法共有六种:
1. will/shall do (一般将来时)
2.. be going to do
3. be doing (现在进行时)
4. do/does (一般现在时)
5. be about to do
6. be to do
区别:
一. 一般将来时:will/shall do
表示单纯的将来决定做某事
e.g. We shall have a lot of rain next month.
或 表示某个意图没有经过事先考虑,而是在说话的时候才决定
--You forget to close the door.
--Oh, I’ll close it at once.
--Ann is in hospital.
--Oh,really? I didn’t know. I’ll go and visit her.
二. be going to do
有迹象表明要发生某事
e.g. Look at the dark clouds. It’s going to rain.
或 强调主观想法或意图:
e.g. I’m going to wash the car if I have time.
或 强调某个意图是事先考虑好的:
--Ann is in hospital.
--Yes, I know. I’m going to visit her tomorrow.
三.现在进行时(be doing)表将来
常有“意图”“安排”或“打算”的含义。这种现在进行时比较生动,给人一种期待感。 它常表最近或较近的将来,所用动词多是转移动词。如:
(1) I’m going. 我要走了。
(2) When are you starting? 你什么时候动身?
亦可用于某些非转移动词。如:
(1) I’m meeting you after class. 课后我找你。
(2) What are you doing next Sunday? 下星期你打算干什么?
但偶尔也表示较远的将来。如:
When I grow up, I’m joining the army. 我长大了要参军。
有时含有“决心”的意思,多用在否定结构中。如:
(1) I’m not going. 我不走了。
(2) I’m not waiting any longer. 我不再等了。
有时也用在肯定结构中。如:
I’m backing out. 我要打退堂鼓了。
用这种现在进行时与对方讲话时可变成命令,不过语气比较温和。如:
(1) You are staying. 你留下吧。
(2) Don’t forget: you are taking part too. 不要忘记:你也要参加。
四.一般现在时(do/does)表示将来:
表示时间表上已经确定好或安排好的事情 ,在规定的时间里会发生的事情,常用来表示生日, 日历, 课时安排,交通时刻表(车次、航班何时出发或到达)、电视节目何时开始等。
e.g The train leaves at 7 o’clock tomorrow morning.
The bus starts in ten minutes.
The summer term begins on the 15th of February.
The planes arrives early in the evening.
或 在时间或条件句中, 用一般现在时表示将来的动作
e.g. I'll write to you when I arrive there.
四. be about to do:
表示动作之快的将来,其后不能接时间状语,它与be on the point of doing sth.相似 e.g. Autumn is about to start. (不能带soon/ at once等任何时间状语)
They are on the point of starting.
(牢记一个句型:be about to do sth when …..: 正要做某事这时…….)
e.g. I was about to go out when it began to rain.
五.be to do:
表命中注定的事/命运, 隐含在未来之中的事,
e.g. I think we are to meet again many years later.
或 父母让子女,上级让下级做的事,表示命令,
e.g. You’re to do your homework before you watch TV.
或 表征求意见,用于问句,
e.g, Are we to hand in the papers at 10:30?