现在完成时导学案
1）构成:  have/has + 过去分词
2）用法一：表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果.现在完成时这一时态强调是过去动作与现在的联系,也就是强调现在的影响和结果.
* 与之连用的时间副词：before ，by now (so far),  once, twice, just, recently，yet(疑), already(肯), ever, never, 
1. I ____  ____(have) lunch already.
2. Has the train_______ (arrive), yet?
3.Tome ____ never____  ___ (be to ) China.
4. The twin s ______just _____(see) my father.
5. The twins ____(see) my father just now.
6. Many tall buildings ____________(build) in the past 5 years
用法二：表示从过去某个时间开始的动作或存在的状态，一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去。动词必须使用延续性动词。常与for或since引导的一段时间状语连用，具体有： for+段时间 ，since+点时间  ，since+句子（过去时）
E.g.  Kate has lived here for 3 years.
      Kate has lived here since 3 years ago.
      Kate has lived here since she came to China
常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变：leave --- be away, borrow --- keep, buy --- have,   begin/start --- be on,   die --- be dead,  finish --- be over,  join --- be in+组织机构, be a member of+组织机构,  open sth --- keep sth open  等。
3）重点句型:
It is/ has been+一段时间+since从句 
一段时间+has passed+ since从句   
 eg.  一）   他死了两年了：      1.He died two years ago.
2.He has been dead for two years /since two years ago 
3.It is/ has been two years since he died. 
4.Two years has passed since he died.。
二）这本书我借了一个月了   1. I borrowed this book a month  ago. 
2 .I have kept the book for a month. 
3  I have kept the book since a month ago.
* have/has gone to，have/has been to ，have/has been in 
have/has gone to:已经去了或在途中，还没有返回；
have/has been to:曾今去过某地，现在已经回来了,后面可接表示“次数”的状语; 
have/has been in:表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语。

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